Caseyville is a village of about 4,000 residents in southwestern Illinois, located just east of St. Louis in St. Clair County. Prostitution has been documented in the village, resulting in complaints to law enforcement, and other crimes related to the sex trade, such as child endangerment, have also occurred in the city. For example, in August 2008, a local woman was arrested on prostitution charges and the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services was notified because there were children present at her residence.

At least one reverse sting has been conducted in the city. In May 2016, the owner of a Caseyville motel was arrested and faced five sex-related charges, including solicitation of a child, after a months-long undercover investigation by Illinois State Police. The Caseyville Police Department said their officers had been called to the area of the motel on a daily basis. The investigation revealed the owner of the motel was renting out rooms for prostitution in return for a piece of the proceeds and also made arrangements to engage in a sex act with someone he thought was a 15-year-old girl, but was actually an undercover investigator. The man was also allegedly willing to arrange for a wedding party to sexually abuse a 15-year-old. The man was arrested and his identity was released to the press. The Village of Caseyville trustees scheduled a board meeting to discuss whether the motel should be shut down.